Scientists demo quantum network prototype

The research team overcame this using a reflective cavity. When the photon arrives at the end point, it can be reflected thousands of times, improving the likelihood of it interacting with the rubidium atom.

While Ritter said the cavity enhanced the coupling between the photon and the atom, the scientists still only achieved a successful quantum state around 0.2 per cent of the time.

Another test, potentially more useful, showed how emitted photons were used to entangle rubidium atoms. These entangled particles copy the quantum state of their partner atoms over large distances. In theory, such entanglements could form the basis of a network with zero latency and mitigate the inconsistency of single atoms.

This could lead to a network of "quantum repeaters" that use entanglement, rather than photons, to transmit data between places in an instant.

"Entanglement of two systems separated by a large distance is a fascinating phenomenon in itself. However, it could also serve as a resource for the teleportation of quantum information," said Ritter.

"One day, this might not only make it possible to communicate quantum information over very large distances, but might enable an entire quantum internet," he added.